Topics appropriate for elementary and middle-school curricula; phylogenetic organization of major kingdoms, characteristics of plants and animals, including humans; ecological principles; communities; energy needs, resources, flow and balance; heredity and adaptation.

Integrated study of the earth’s atmosphere for pre-service and in-service middle school teachers combining concepts from earth, life, and physical science leading to an understanding of the interaction of all systems.

Integrated study of the biotic and abiotic environments combining life, earth, and physical science concepts to understand relationships in living systems. For pre-service and in-service middle school teachers.

Study of the earth system for pre-service and in-service middle school teachers, with emphasis on the origin, evolution, and interactions of the subsystems of the earth system.

Introduction to statistics for elementary, middle, and high school teachers. The fundamentals of data collection, descriptive statistics, probability, and inference with special focus on methods of teaching statistical reasoning. For M.A.T. (excluding mathematics) / M.Ed. / M.T. and nondegree credit only. For M.A.T. (excluding mathematics) / M.Ed. / M.T. and nondegree credit only.

Topics not likely to be incorporated into regular offerings, offered as seminars, workshops, and formal courses. Variable credit, depending on contact hours. May be taken more than once.